Ultimately, the Congress didn't achieve its goal. The Bulgarians were allowed to become a principality under Ottoman control, while other countries (Romania, Serbia and Montenegro) had some of their lands returned and were given formal independence. In the end, a compromise was reached: Cyprus was ceded to the British, and Bosnia to Austria-Hungary. Others felt that appeasing the Russians and the various Balkans peoples was the only way to prevent future war. The various states invited to Berlin argued: some felt that a strong Ottoman Empire served as a check for Russia, to prevent it from expanding not only into the Balkans but also the Orient. The various minorities were clamoring either for independence or secession, and with Russia eager to champion their cause the spectre of Europe being dragged into further wars seemed entirely possible. Essentially the problem, as the rest of Europe saw it, was that the Balkans region was unstable and the Ottoman Empire (the 'sick man of Europe') was waning in power and unable to keep the peace. The Congress of Berlin was held in 1878, following the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878.

The map of Europe was redrawn by the Congress of Berlin (1878). 1.7 What if the Ottoman Empire Refuses to Comply?.1.4 Deciding the Outcome of the Congress.

Victoria 2 wiki serbia